Hybrid wireless networks combining the advantages of both mobile ad-hoc networks and infrastructure wireless networks have been receiving increased attention due to their ultra-high performance. An efficient data routing protocol is important in such networks for high network capacity and scalability. However, most routing protocols for these networks simply combine the ad-hoc transmission mode with the cellular transmission mode, which inherits the drawbacks of ad-hoc transmission.
This paper presents a Distributed Three-hop Routing protocol (DTR) for hybrid wireless networks. To take full advantage of the widespread base stations, DTR divides a message data stream into segments and transmits the segments in a distributed manner. It makes full spatial reuse of a system via its high speed ad-hoc interface and alleviates mobile gateway congestion via its cellular interface. Furthermore, sending segments to a number of base stations simultaneously increases throughput and makes full use of widespread base stations.
DTR significantly reduces overhead due to short path lengths and the elimination of route discovery and maintenance. DTR also has a congestion control algorithm to avoid overloading base stations. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show the superiority of DTR in comparison with other routing protocols in terms of throughput capacity, scalability, and mobility resilience. The results also show the effectiveness of the congestion control algorithm in balancing the load between base stations. A Distributed Three-Hop Routing Protocol to Increase the Capacity of Hybrid Wireless Networks
EXISTING SYSTEM:
Existing methods in the Two-hop transmission protocol in terms of the elimination of route maintenance and the limited number of hops in routing. In two-hop, when a node’s bandwidth to a BS is larger than that of each neighbor, it directly sends a message to the BS. Otherwise, it chooses a neighbor with a higher channel and sends a message to it, which further forwards the message to the BS uses distributed transmission involving multiple cells, which makes full use of system resources and dynamically balances the traffic load between neighboring cells. In contrast, Two-hop employs single-path transmission.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
We propose a Distributed Three-hop Data Routing protocol (DTR). In DTR, as shown in Fig. 1b, a source node divides a message stream into a number of segments. Each segment is sent to a neighbor mobile node. Based on the QoS requirement, these mobile relay nodes choose between direct transmissions or relay transmission to the BS. In relay transmission, a segment is forwarded to another mobile node with higher capacity to a BS than the current node. In direct transmission, a segment is directly forwarded to a BS. In the infrastructure, the segments are rearranged in their original order and sent to the destination. The number of routing hops in DTR is confined to three, including at most two hops in the ad-hoc transmission mode and one hop in the cellular transmission mode. To overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, DTR tries to limit the number of hops. The first hop forwarding distributes the segments of a message in different directions to fully utilize the resources, and the possible second hop forwarding ensures the high capacity of the forwarder.
DTR also has a congestion control algorithm to balance the traffic load between the nearby BSes in order to avoid traffic congestion at BSes. Using self-adaptive and distributed routing with high speed and short-path ad-hoc transmission, DTR significantly increases the throughput capacity and scalability of hybrid wireless networks by overcoming the three shortcomings of the previous routing algorithms.